Auto Antigen in Type 1 Diabetes
Dr Kunal Joon*
NIIMS
*Corresponding author: Dr. Kunal Joon, NIIMS
Citation: Joon K. Auto Antigen in Type 1 Diabetes. Genesis J Microbiol Immunol.1(1)-02.
Received: November 20, 2025 | Published: December 10, 2025
Copyright© 2025 Genesis Pub by Joon K. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are properly credited.
Abstract
Hybrid insulin is present in Human islets and T cells react to them. These are found in the residual islets of organ donors with type 1 diabetes. Investigation was carried out HIP react to T cells are indicated of ongoing.
Autoimmune disease. Usage of interferon gamma was used.
Keywords
Hybrid insulin; type1 diabetes; autoimmune disease; T cells.
Introduction
Type 1 diabetes is caused by the T cell mediated destruction of the Beta cells of iselts of langerhans. Previous report of diabetes triggering T cells, isolated from NOD mouse model. Several diabetogenic T cells clones isolated from NOD mice target two distinct HIPs and. BDC-2.5 and four additional T cell clones from BDC [1] Panel target the 2.5 HIP, a peptide formed by fusion of insulin C peptide fragment.
Flow Cytometery
Antibodies used for staining T cells were CD4BV711and CD25BV421, [2] CD8APCH7. Lymphocyte gate was based on forward scatter /side scatter properties and the singlets gate was based on FSC-A and FSC-H [3].
Peptides
The peptides used in this study were obtained from CHI scientific at a purity 95 percent or greater. The [4] insulin B chain amino acids 9-23 and the insB:9-23 R22E mimotope peptide was used [5].
Peripheral blood processing and Iselts, autoantibodies, and HLA type Peripheral blood was obtained from. T cell assay, genotyping and monitoring [5].
Discussion
We discussed about the type 1 diabetes and role of HIP. How it causes type 1 diabetes and role of interferon gamma.
Conclusion
Interferon gamma take over time to respond to HIP. HIP can triggered type 1 diabetes.
References
- Islet-Derived CD4 T Cells Targeting Proinsulin in Human Autoimmune Diabetes – PMC.
- Prediction of HLA-DQ8 β cell peptidome using a computational program and its relationship to autoreactive T cells – PMC.
- Prediction of HLA-DQ8 β cell peptidome using a computational program and its relationship to autoreactive T cells – PMC.
- The cation efflux transporter ZnT8 (Slc30A8) is a major autoantigen in human type 1 diabetes - PMC
- Rapid CLIP dissociation from MHC II promotes an unusual antigen presentation pathway in autoimmunity – PubMed.
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