Harnessing Crispr-cas9 Technology in Dentistry: A Promising Avenue for Precision Oral Health- A Literature Review

   

Vinit B Patel^1*, Megha Vanasi², Ankit Dhimole³, Rinku Jagnade Saini⁴ and Sithara. K⁵

¹Department of Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of dental science, Dharmsinh Desai University, Nadiad, Gujarat, India 

²Department of Periodontics & Implantology, Faculty of dental science, Dharmsinh Desai University, Nadiad, Gujarat, India

³Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Hitkarini Dental College & Hospital, Madhya Pradesh Medical Science University,

Jabalpur, India.

⁴Department of Periodontics, Index institute of dental science, malwanchal University, Indore, India

⁵Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, KMCT Dental College, Calicut, Kerala University of Health Sciences, India

^*Corresponding author: Vinit B Patel, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Faculty of dental science, Dharmsinh Desai University, Nadiad, Gujarat, India.

Abstract

CRISPR-Cas9 technology has revolutionized genome editing and holds immense potential for applications in dentistry. This manuscript provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of CRISPR-Cas9 in dentistry, covering its applications in genetic therapies, targeting oral pathogens, tissue engineering, and regeneration.

Keywords

CRISPR-Cas9 technology; Genetic Therapies; Tissue Engineering and Regeneration; Targeting Oral Pathogens

Introduction

CRISPR-Cas9 technology has emerged as a powerful tool for precise genome editing, with significant implications for dentistry [1]. In this manuscript, we explore the diverse applications of CRISPR-Cas9 in oral health, addressing genetic disorders, targeting oral pathogens, and promoting tissue regeneration.

Crispr-Cas9 Applications in Dentistry

Genetic therapies

Genetic mutations associated with dental disorders, such as amelogenesis imperfecta and dentinogenesis imperfecta, can be corrected using CRISPR-Cas9 [2, 3]. Additionally, targeted modification of genes involved in craniofacial development holds promise for the treatment of congenital anomalies [4].

Targeting Oral Pathogens

Precision targeting of cariogenic bacteria, including Streptococcus mutans, using CRISPR-Cas9 can aid in caries prevention [5]. Modulation of virulence factors in periodontal pathogens presents opportunities for managing periodontitis [6].

Tissue Engineering and Regeneration

CRISPR-mediated enhancement of dental stem cells can facilitate tissue regeneration in dental pulp and periodontal tissues [7,8]. Furthermore, CRISPR technology can be utilized to engineer bone and periodontal tissue for enhanced regeneration [9].

Challenges and Consideration

Off-target effects and specificity

Strategies for minimizing off-target effects and improving Cas9 specificity are essential for safe and effective CRISPR-Cas9 applications in dentistry [10,11]. Advances in bioinformatics tools contribute to the prediction and mitigation of off-target edits [12].

Delivery System

Nanoparticle-based delivery systems offer efficient CRISPR-Cas9 delivery to oral tissues, overcoming barriers in the oral cavity [13]. Challenges remain in optimizing delivery systems for targeted gene editing in dental applications [14].

Ethical and Regulatory Considerations

Ethical implications of germline editing and genetic modifications in dentistry require careful consideration [15]. Regulatory frameworks governing the clinical translation of CRISPR-Cas9 in dental practice are essential to ensure safety and ethical standards [16].

Future Perspective

Integration of CRISPR-Cas9 with emerging technologies, such as gene therapy and tissue engineering, holds promise for personalized approaches to oral healthcare [17]. Expansion of clinical trials and translational research will drive the development of CRISPR-Cas9-based therapies in dentistry [18].

Conclusion

CRISPR-Cas9 technology offers unprecedented opportunities for precision oral healthcare, from correcting genetic disorders to combating oral pathogens and promoting tissue regeneration. Addressing challenges and navigating ethical considerations are essential steps towards realizing the full potential of CRISPR-Cas9 in dentistry.

References

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